Brainstuff

This all-American condiment got its start as a fermented fish sauce and featured in the formation of the Food and Drug Administration. Learn about the history of tomato ketchup -- and why it's so hard to get out of bottles -- in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/ketchup.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We all know we're supposed to reach out to friends and family experiencing depression, but it's an intimidating prospect. Learn how to get a conversation started in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/depression/questions/help-friend-with-depression.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Minotaur -- a monstrous half man, half bull -- has raged through stories for millennia. But where did he and his labyrinth come from? Learn the ancient history and modern psychology behind both in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/minotaur.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Manatees swim the calm waterways of tropical Atlantic coastlines with no worries of natural predators. Learn why humans are their only real danger -- and how we can help -- in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/manatees.htm; https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/manatees-see-underwater.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The tradition of putting diamonds on engagement rings is less than a century old, but some 80% of engagement rings in the U.S. now bear them. Learn how a cartel and an ad campaign created such a pervasive demand for diamonds in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/true-story-blood-diamonds.htm and this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IceJ-gUm-gQ. To learn more about the De Beers cartel, check out the episode of Stuff They Don't Want You To Know 'Diamonds: The Conspiracy' https://omny.fm/shows/stuff-they-dont-want-you-to-know/diamonds-the-conspiracySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The police raid and ensuing riots at the Stonewall Inn in June of 1969 became a turning point in queer civil rights because of the larger movement that coalesced around it. Learn about its place in LGBTQIA history in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/stonewall-riots.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tarsiers are our palm-sized primate cousins that evolved in the forests of Southeast Asia to have long limbs and huge, round eyes. Learn how we've learned about them in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/tarsier.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This isn't just the least-fun thought experiment, it's a medical malady common enough to have its own name. Learn how internal hirudiniasis works (and why you don't need to panic if if happens to you) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/swallow-leech.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We know rhubarb as a tart fruit that looks like pink celery, but it also has a bulbous underground storage unit that was used medicinally for millennia -- and lets it grow in complete darkness. Learn about the pie plant (and how rhizomes work) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/rhubarb.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This marine bird carries the color of the ocean in its webbed feet, was named after an insult, and uses its excrement in creative ways. Learn about the blue-footed booby in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/blue-footed-booby.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Helen is a figure from Greek myth -- a daughter of Zeus with a mortal woman, and said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world. Learn more about her (and how she perhaps inadvertently started the Trojan War) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/helen-of-troy.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Your heart needs blood as much as any other muscle in your body, and it receives it the same way -- just a little earlier than anyone else. Learn how the coronary arteries work (and what can go wrong when they don't) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/heart-pump-blood.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Butterfly wings often come in striking, iridescent colors -- but it's not from pigments (or not entirely). Learn how microscopic structures give butterfly wings their flash in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/butterfly-colors.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the year 1066, the illigitimate son of a Norman duke conquered England and became its king, changing English history (and language!) forever. Learn how William the Conquerer rose and ruled in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/william-conqueror.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

OK, we're almost sure the answer is no. But there was a fossil-based reason that 'Jurassic Park' included this detail. Learn about the real-life Dilophosaurus in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/dilophosaurus.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Your pinky toes are actually powerhouses of locomotion. Learn how they help us move -- and what can go wrong if they get injured -- in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/parts/surprise-pinky-toe-does-serve-purpose.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The @ sign goes by many names today, but it's only so commonplace because of medieval merchants and one 1970s programmer. Learn more about the at sign (or arroba, Klammeraffe, strudel, grisehale, or gül) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/arroba.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A human fetus doesn't develop retinas until around gestational week 28. Learn how researchers have tried to figure out what babies can see in the few remaining weeks before they're born in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/fetal-development/what-do-babies-see-before-birth.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

You could probably outsprint an alligator no matter what pattern you ran in -- but it's extremely unlikely that you'd ever need to. Learn how alligators do and don't attack in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/reptiles/alligator-zigzag.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The 30-year feud between these two families is more dramatic than fiction -- and may be the starting point of negative stereotypes about Appalachia. Learn about the story behind the Hatfields and McCoys in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/hatfields-and-mccoys.htmSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.